Liquid Penetrant Inspection Of Concrete


Liquid penetrant inspection is a non-destructive testing method for detection of crack penetration depth in concrete. This method is used when visual inspection is not enough to detect cracks in concrete, especially in the case of liquid retaining structure.

In this method, a liquid with high surface wetting characteristics is applied to surface where cracks are appearing. Then excess liquid from the cracks are removed. This is done by applying a developer (powder) to pull out the trapped penetrant liquid from the cracks. This powder is spread on the surface for cracks propagation to be seen.

The cracks in concrete are detected by visual inspection process. The penetrant used is often loaded with a fluorescent dye and inspection of cracks is done under ultra-violet light to increase the test sensitivity.


Liquid penetrant inspection method is used for location of surface breaking defects in non-porous materials. Based on capillarity action, low surface tension fluid penetrates into the discontinuities in concrete surface.

Steps involved in Liquid Penetrant Inspection:


1. Pre-cleaning of concrete surface:

Concrete surface is cleaned to remove any dirt using solvents, alkaline cleaning steps etc.

2. Application of Liquid Penetrant:

The liquid penetrant is then applied to the concrete surface of the structural element being inspected. The penetrant is then allowed time to soak into any cracks for generally 10 to 30 minutes.

3. Excess Penetrant Removal:

The excess liquid penetrant is then removed from the concrete surface. Method for removal of penetrant is based on the type of penetrant used. Water-washable, lipophilic post-emulsifiable, solvent-removable, or hydrophilic post-emulsifiable are the common materials for removal of extra penetrants.

During the removal of penetrant using solvent and lint free cloth, the solvent should not be directly sprayed on the surface with defects, as it can remove the liquid penetrant from the cracks.

4. Application of Developer (Powder):

After removal of excess penetrants from the cracks in concrete, a white developer is applied on the surface. This developer draws the penetrants out from the defects or cracks and forms a visible indication for propagation detection.

Any color stains indicates the positions and types of defects on the surface. Developers such as non-aqueous wet developer dry powder water developer, dry powder, water suspendible, and water soluble are used.

5. Inspection of cracks in concrete:

Visible light or ultra-violet lights of adequate intensity are used for inspection of cracks in concrete. Inspection of defects is done after 10 minutes of developer (powder) application. Any delay after application of developer for inspection of cracks, may bleed out the liquid penetrants from cracks and correct interpretation may be hindered.

6. Post Cleaning of concrete surface:

The concrete surface is cleaned after inspection and recording of defects if any found.

Comments

  1. Timo14 October 2020 at 14:56

    Hi,

    could you please tell me which colour penetrant dyes exactly you used with the concrete? Because the normal ones apparently can't be used with porous materials such as concrete or rock.

    We need to do some analysis on the cracking of concrete and granite with colour penetrant dyes.

    Cheers,

    Timo

    Cheers

    ReplyDelete
  2. Anonymous17 April 2022 at 07:54

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